Please read these Terms and Conditions (“Terms” and/or “Terms and Conditions”) carefully before using the writingbee.com website (“Website”).
INTRODUCTION
Your access to and use of Website are conditioned on your full acceptance and compliance with these Terms and Conditions and this Website Privacy Policy, which are published at writingbee.com and which are incorporated herein by reference (“Privacy Policy”). These Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy are applied to all visitors, users and others who access or use this Website.
By accessing or using this Website, you agree to be bound by these Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy. If you disagree with these Terms and Conditions and/or Privacy Policy or any part of them, you must not use this Website.
Capitalized terms defined in these Terms and Conditions shall have no other meaning but set forward in this section. The following terminology is applied to these Terms and Conditions, Privacy Policy and Refund and Revision Policy: “Client”, “You” and “Your” refers to you, the person accessing this Website and accepting these Terms and Conditions. “We”, “Us” and “Ourselves” refers to writingbee.com website. Any use of the above terminology or other words in the singular, plural, capitalization and/or he/she or they, are taken as interchangeable and therefore as referring to same.
ELIGIBILITY
By using our Services, you represent and warrant that (a) all registration information you submit to writingbee.com is truthful and accurate; (b) you will maintain the accuracy of such information; (c) you are 18 years of age or older and/or have full legal capacity to enter into legally binding relations; and (d) your use of the Services does not violate any applicable law, regulation, and/or your college/university/school rules.
Your profile may be deleted and Services provided to you may be terminated without warning, if we believe that you are less than 18 years of age and/or do not have full legal capacity to enter into legally binding relations.
PROVIDED SERVICES
Subjected to full compliance with these Terms and Conditions, writingbee.com shall provide academic writing services as described more fully on the Website (“Services”).
Services may include, but not be limited to, providing our Clients with dissertations, research papers, book reports, term papers, and other types of assignments written by writingbee.com team (“Paper”) which are intended for research/reference purposes and for your personal use only. Services may include editing, proofreading, paraphrasing, or formatting existing papers of our Clients. Please note that rewriting an existing paper that contains 40% or more plagiarized content may qualify as providing you with a custom Paper and shall be charged for accordingly.
Please note that Services may be provided only to the users who submit an appropriate order form at the Website and writingbee.com may charge fees for such Services. The Services are provided according to the provisions of these Terms and Conditions and the specific commercial provisions and policies (including Privacy Policy, Refund Policy, etc.) as detailed on the Website, and these provisions and policies may be amended or changed from time to time.
The format of the Papers we provide:
12 point Times New Roman;
Bibliography on a separate page;
Double-spaced;
MS Word file;
Approximately 250 words per page;
One inch margin top, bottom, left, right;
Title and Reference pages are free of charge
In case Client needs a single-spaced Paper they are to pay a double fee. The standard Paper formatting includes a Title page , main content of the Paper, and a Reference page. Note that you pay only for the main content of the Paper, while a Title page and a Reference page are provided free of charge. writingbee.com reserves the right to use any relevant materials available, such as books, journals, newspapers, interviews, online publications, etc., unless the Client indicates some specific sources to be used.
PLACING AN ORDER
When placing your order, you must provide accurate and complete information. You are solely responsible for any possible consequences and misunderstandings, in case you provide us with inaccurate and/or incorrect and/or unfaithful information.
Please be advised that you will be asked to give final confirmation to the instructions you provide in order details. Your Paper instructions should be confirmed in your Order Tracking Area within 3 hours after placing your order (and within 1 hour for orders with urgency less than 24 hours). Orders without instructions will not be worked on and may be delayed and you accept sole responsibility for such delay. writingbee.com guarantees that the delivered Paper will meet only confirmed requirements. You must not change the instructions once you have confirmed them. Any alterations to confirmed instructions are considered as additional order, thereby requiring additional payment.
PAYMENT
All payments are due upon receipt. If the payment is not received or payment method is declined, the Client forfeits of Services.
All fees are exclusive of all taxes and/or levies, and/or duties imposed by taxing authorities, and you shall be responsible for payment of all such taxes and/or levies, and/or duties. You agree to pay any such taxes that might be applicable to your use of the Services and payments made by you under these Terms.
If at any time you contact your bank or credit card company and decline or otherwise reject the charge of any payment, this act will be considered as a breach of your obligation hereunder and your use of the Services will be automatically terminated.
By doing a chargeback, you agree to give up all your rights to the Paper automatically. At the same time, you authorize writingbee.com to publish the completed Paper and start the authorship procedure that will allow us to determine if you have used any parts of the Paper. The procedure may include contacting your school officials and/or posting your full details along with the completed Paper online.
Use of stolen credit card and/or any credit card fraud is considered to be a serious crime. writingbee.com closely cooperates with our payment provider to prevent and fight online fraud.
By providing payment method information and authorizing payments, You warrant that:
(a) You are legally authorized to provide such information;
(b) You are legally authorized to make payments using the payment method.
As far as it's allowed by applicable law and according to our Privacy Policy, you acknowledge and agree that we may use third-party service providers to process payments (payment facilitators).
In case you would like to save the payment method for future use, please read the following requirements introduced by Visa.
More Information on card details storing:
We are legally obligated to secure your consent to allow Us to store your card details for future use. As per our policy, We cannot process your payment before You agree to such storing.
What is a Stored Credential?
A stored credential (your card details) is information (including, but not limited to, an account number or payment token, last four digits of your credit/debit card) that is stored by a payment facilitators to process your future transactions.
How long will card details be stored?
Your card details will be stored by payment facilitators for 400 days since last being used for successful transaction.
How will your stored card details be used?
You can initiate a card-absent transaction where you do not need to enter your card details as payment facilitators uses the payment credential previously stored to perform the transaction. Examples include a transaction using your profile or staged digital wallets.
Your card details can be used by payment facilitators to process your future transactions such as:
Can these terms change?
Yes, but all changes in the permitted use will require your agreement.
You will be notified of any changes to the consent agreement or any changes to the terms of use on your email and/or other contact details from your profile.
For stored credentials used for the purpose of transactions in Europe payment facilitators will provided notification for recurring transactions (seven business days) and for UCOF transactions (two business days) before any change to the agreement including date, amount, or how it is calculated.
writingbee.com reserves the right to change its prices at any time in its sole discretion and such changes or modifications shall be posted online at the Website and become effective immediately without need for further notice to any Client and/or user.
DISCOUNT POLICY
We care about our Clients and are always looking for ways to offer them the best value for money. One method we use is a discount system. writingbee.com, at its sole discretion, shall have the right to provide our Clients with discount programs as described more fully and published on the Website.
LOYALTY PROGRAM
According to our loyalty program, you earn back 10% of your total bill in Points (1 currency unit (inter alia USD/ EUR/ GBP etc.) = 1 Point) after you make your first order. Your Points are accumulated on your Credit Balance. “Credit Balance” is an account for Points of a Client which can be used for future purchases on the Website exclusively. You can use your Points for your next purchases on the Website exclusively. Your Points cannot be refunded.
The validity period of Points is 9 months after they are added to your Credit Balance or activated. To save your Points, simply make the next order not later than 9 months after the previous purchase. If you don`t order any service from us within 9 months, all of your Points will be completely withdrawn from the Credit Balance without any recovery possibility. We will inform you about that a month before the withdrawal of your Points.
The discount may be obtained by the use of the promo code. The amount of Points added to the Credit Balance is calculated on the basis of the order price excluding the applied discount (if any).
Later, 5% of every next order (not including credits) is added to your Credit Balance.
REFUNDS
writingbee.com will issue a refund to you only according to these Terms. writingbee.com offers a 14-day money back period for Papers less than 20 pages and a 30-day period for Papers more than 20 pages (”Refund Period”). Refund Period begins on the date of Client`s order deadline and expires on the last day of the Refund Period. In case you are not satisfied with any of the Services, you can submit a refund request according to these Terms within the Refund Period. Once the Refund Period elapses, writingbee.com will not refund any amounts paid. Refund period can be extended to 180 days in exceptional cases if plagiarism is confirmed.
Should the Client's order be canceled by Website at the halfway point to the Client's deadline or later, Client is entitled to a 30% refund or a 100% compensation to the Bonus Balance. In the event of order cancellation, the funds will be debited back only to the account of the initial payment within 5-7 business days from the time of cancellation request.
In other case writingbee.com assesses refund requests on a case-by-case basis as there are usually unique reasons as to why a refund request is made. Please note that if you request a refund, we may require documented proof that the quality of your order is low (e.g., scan copy of your instructor’s feedback, plagiarism report, etc.). Should you feel it necessary to make a refund request, we will immediately forward your order to our Quality Assurance Department. After comparing their findings with the reasons for dissatisfaction, the necessary corrective actions will be taken. Any refund request must be made within the Refund Period.
In case writingbee.com reimburses the money because of mistakes or some irrelevance to the initial instructions, our Quality Assurance Department, at its sole discretion, evaluates the quality of the Paper and refunds an amount comparable to the percentage of incorrect content in the Paper and mistakes present in it.
writingbee.com provides various methods of contact (i.e. email, telephone, message board, and live chat) to facilitate communication between you, us and the writer assigned to complete an order. Using any of these methods, our Customer Support Center is available to you at any time and will respond to any refund request or other issue promptly. However, if such a request is not received using any of the aforementioned methods within the Refund Period, writingbee.com will not be obliged to honor or consider the above said request.
Should the Paper delivery be delayed due to unexpected circumstances, from the side of writingbee.com, we may provide compensation for the breach of the order deadline in the form of a credit or a discount to be used towards your next order with us. Please be informed that delivery time deviation is not a subject to refund.
REVISIONS
Any revision request or complaint in regards to a Paper that writingbee.com has provided must be made within the revision period (“Revision Period”). writingbee.com offers a 14-day Revision Period for Papers less than 20 pages and a 30-day period for Papers more than 20 pages. Revision Period begins on the date of Client`s order deadline and expires on the last day of the Revision Period. After that point, no revision and/or complaint will be accepted. Revision period can be extended to 180 days in exceptional cases if plagiarism is confirmed.
writingbee.com recognizes that orders vary in size and complexity; as a result, dissertation, thesis and/or other sufficiently large assignment may be granted 30-day Revision Period. Sufficiency in the size of the Paper will be determined by writingbee.com in its sole discretion.
In case a request for revision is not submitted within the Revision Period, writingbee.com tacitly accepts that the Client is satisfied with the Paper and requires no further actions to be taken in regards to the Paper unless extra payment is provided or a new order is placed.
Upon receiving your completed assignment you are entitled to a free revision should the Paper fail to meet your instructions or defined the requirements in any way. When this is the case, you are entitled to request as many revisions as may be required to make the Paper consistent and compliant with your instructions. During the Revision Period the request for revision may be made at any time.
All revisions must be based on the original order instructions. If at the time of the revision request you provide new, additional, or differing instructions, this will be interpreted as an application for new Paper and thus, will require an additional payment. Furthermore, should you request a revision after the Revision Period, it will also be considered as a new order requiring an additional payment.
VERIFICATION
We may require you to supply us with personal identifying information, and we may also legally consult other sources to obtain information about you. By accepting these Terms and Conditions, you authorize us to make any inquiries we consider necessary to validate the information that you provide us with. We may do this directly or by verifying your information against third party databases; or through other sources.
Essentially, verification procedure involves, inter alia, confirming that the order is authentic and that the cardholder is aware of charges by placing a phone call to them, and in certain cases by requesting some additional documents to be submitted for verification to our Risk Department. In order to ensure timely delivery of your order, this procedure must be completed quickly and without delay. Therefore, it is vital to provide accurate and valid phone numbers. Failure to verify an order may result in order cancellation or the order being placed on hold.
You consent to our processing your personal information for the purposes of providing the Services, including for verification purposes as set out herein. You also consent to the use of such data for communicating with you, for statutory and accounting purposes. You acknowledge that you have read and consented to writingbee.com's Privacy Policy.
LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY
writingbee.com will not be liable to you in relation to the contents of, the use of, or otherwise in connection with, this Website:
for failure to learn the material covered by the Paper; and
for your final grade; and
for the outcome or consequences of submission the Paper to any academic institution; and
excludes all liability for damages arising out of or in connection with your use of this Website. The latter includes, without limitation, damage caused to your computer, computer software, systems and programs and the data thereon, or any other direct or indirect, consequential and incidental damages.
COPYRIGHT
The Paper provided to you by writingbee.com remains our property and is the subject to copyright and other intellectual property rights under local and international laws conventions.
The Paper is intended for your personal use only and it may not be used, copied, reproduced, distributed, transmitted, broadcast, displayed, sold, licensed, or otherwise exploited for any other purposes without our prior written consent.
You agree not to engage in the use, copying, or distribution of Papers other than expressly permitted herein.
TESTIMONIALS
We post Clients` testimonials on our Website which may contain personal information (first name or initials). Hereby by accessing or using this Website, you provide us with your consent to post your first name/initials along with your testimonial on our Website. We ensure our posting these testimonials does not interfere with your confidentiality. If you wish to request the removal of your testimonial, you may contact us at support@writingbee.com.
NOTIFICATION OF CHANGES
writingbee.com reserves the right to change these Terms and Conditions at any time and your continued use of the Website will signify your acceptance of any adjustment, improvements and/or alterations to these Terms and Conditions. You are, therefore, advised to re-read these Terms and Conditions on a regular basis.
This Website is owned and operated by Writeperfect LTD ( HE 346067) having its registered office at 1-3 Boumpoulinas, Bouboulina Building, Office 42, 1060, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Privacy Notice
Effective as of May 25, 2018
Here at Writeperfect Ltd., a private limited company (registry code ΗΕ 346067; registered office address: 1-3 Boumpoulinas, Bouboulina Building, Office 42, Nicosia, 1060, Cyprus) we respect your privacy and we are committed to processing personal data of our users/customers in a secure and manner in line with our legal obligations.
This Policy explains how Writeperfect Ltd. will use any personal data that we may collect about you when you use our website writingbee.com (hereinafter the “Website”).
1. What data we collect
Our Privacy Policy governs the use and storage of your personal data. You can see our Privacy Policy on the website which detail our processing.
Writeperfect Ltd. is a Controller of the personal data you (data subject) provide us. We may collect the following types of personal data from you within the following website:
2. Why we need it
Writeperfect Ltd. collects your personal data in order:
- Provide services;
- Keep the website running;
- Improve the website;
- for customer support;
- for marketing purposes (with your consent)
Writeperfect Ltd. will not sell or provide your data to any third party where you have not provided your consent to do so. All other data is processed in accordance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 2018 and other applicable laws.
3. How Writeperfect collects personal data:
Writeperfect Ltd. collects data when you interact with its website, especially when
- you browse any page of the website;
- Writeperfect Ltd. calls you;
- you use the website;
- you receive emails from Writeperfect Ltd.;
- you chat with Writeperfect Ltd. for customer support;
- you connect integrations;
- you opt-in to marketing emails.
4. What we do with it
Your personal data is processed by Writeperfect Ltd., located in Cyprus. Hosting and storage of your data takes place within the European Economic Area (EEA) but our current organizational and administrative structure requires to transfer some part of your data to non-EEA countries, namely - in Kyiv, Ukraine and this data will be processed by the Company’s Research and Development Department. The employees and contractors of the Company’s Research and Development department are bound by the respective agreements, Company’s internal policies and Information Security Policy. All the activities with personal data outside the EEA are performed at the secured premises. Any such transfer of data will only be in connection with the services that Writeperfect Ltd. provides and Writeperfect Ltd. will ensure that the data is protected to a level which meets the requirements of EU law.
By providing your data to us you agree to this transfer taking place.
No third party providers have access to your data, unless specifically required by law, there is a legitimate interest, where you have consented with us to do so, or in order to fulfil our services to you.
5. How long we keep it
Writeperfect Ltd. will delete your personal data from the databases no later than 6 years from the last time you used the website according to the effective legislation of the Republic of Cyprus.
6. What are your rights?
You have the right to access to any data that we hold relating to you. Requests must be made in writing and proof of identification is required to protect your data and to ensure it is not disclosed to unauthorized parties.
Should you believe that any personal data we hold on you is incorrect or incomplete, you have the ability to request to see this data, rectify it or have it deleted.
In the event that you wish to complain about how we have handled your personal data, please contact in writing to Writeperfect Ltd. We will then look-into your complaint and work with you to resolve the matter.
To look threw the detailed scope of your rights, please, read our Privacy Policy below.
If you still feel that your personal data has not been handled appropriately according to the law, you can contact the Commissioner for Personal Data Protection in Cyprus (http://www.dataprotection.gov.cy) and file a complaint with them.
Privacy Policy
Effective as of May 25, 2018
1. Purpose and Scope
Writeperfect Ltd., a private limited company (registry code ΗΕ 346067; registered office address: 1-3 Boumpoulinas, Bouboulina Building, Office 42, Nicosia, 1060, Cyprus), hereinafter referred to as the “Company”, strives to comply with applicable laws and regulations related to Personal Data protection in countries where the Company operates. This Policy sets forth the basic principles by which the Company processes your personal data, and indicates the responsibilities while processing personal data.
The Company does not knowingly attempt to solicit or receive information from children under 16 years of age.
The Company acknowledges and understands that you are aware of and care about your own personal privacy interests, and the Company takes that seriously. This Privacy Policy describes the policies and practices with regard to the collection and use of your personal data, and sets forth your privacy rights. The Company recognizes that data privacy is an ongoing responsibility, and, therefore, the Company will from time to time update this Privacy Policy and its privacy practice as the Company undertakes new personal data practices or adopt new privacy policies.
2. Company’s website
The Company controls and manages writingbee.com (hereinafter the “Website”) which may collect particular data for its business purposes.
3. Definitions of legal bases for the processing
Consent - your clear agreement to the processing of your personal data for a specific purpose.
Contract - the reason why the processing is necessary based on a contract you have with the Company, or because the Company has asked you to take specific steps before entering into that contract.
Legitimate Interests - the reason why the processing your data is necessary which is based on the legitimate interests or the legitimate interests of a third party, provided those interests are not outweighed by your rights and interests. These legitimate interests are:
4. Consent rule
If you have given consent to the processing of your data you can freely withdraw such consent at any time by emailing the Company to support@writingbee.com
If you do withdraw your consent, and if the Company does not have another legal basis for the processing of your data, then the Company will stop the processing of your personal data.
If the Company has another legal basis for the processing of your data, then the Company may continue to do so subject to your legal interests and rights.
5. Company’s responsibilities
If you are a registered user or a visitor to the Website the Company acts as the ‘data controller’ of personal data. This means that the Company determines how and why your data are processed.
6. Your responsibilities
Read this Privacy Policy carefully.
If you provide the Company with personal data about other individuals, the Company will only employ that data for the special reason for which it was provided to the Company. By sending the data, you confirm that you have the right to dispose to process the data on your behalf in accordance with this Privacy Policy.
Treat your personal data confidential and secure.
7. Collected data
The Company collects data when you interact with its Website, especially when:
The Company collects the following categories of datacontact details such as your email address and phone number;
The recipients of the collected data are the highest management level of the Company, its employees and contractors, and other third party service providers mentioned below.
The Company stores your billing data, such as 4 last digits of your credit/debit card, merchant unique ID or receipt ID or your payment email account exclusively in order to receive acknowledgment on successful payment transactions for our services from our secure payment processors accounts according to the rules and regulations of such payment processors. The Company shall not transfer your billing data to any third parties.
8. Purposes and legal basis for the processing
The Company processes the data for:
Providing Services:
Keeping the Website running:
Improving the Website
Customer support
Marketing purposes (with your consent only)
Preventing fraud
9. Your rights
You may choose not to provide the Company with personal data. If you choose to do so, you can continue to visit the Website and browse its pages, but the Company will not be able to provide its services and process transactions without personal data.
You may turn off cookies in your browser via settings. You can block cookies on your browser refusing cookies. You may delete cookies. If you turn off cookies, you can continue to use the Website and browse its pages, but the Website and certain services will not work properly.
You may ask us to refrain from using your data for marketing. You can opt out from marketing by emailing us at support@writingbee.com
You can exercise the following rights by sending us an email at support@writingbee.com
1. You have the right to access information about you, especially:
2. You have the right to make the Company correct any inaccurate personal data about you.
3. You can object to the Company using your personal data for profiling you or making automated decisions about you. The Company may use your data to determine whether we should let you know information that might be relevant to you (for example, tailoring emails to you based on your behavior).
4. You have the right to the data portability of your data to another service or Website. The Company will give you a copy of your data in readable format so that you can provide it to another service. If you ask us and it is technically possible, we will directly transfer the data to the other service for you.
5. You have the right to be “forgotten”. You may ask erasing any personal data about you, if it is no longer necessary for the Company to store the data for purposes of your use of the Website.
6. You have the right to lodge a complaint regarding the use of your data by the Company. You can address any complaint to the Commissioner for Personal Data Protection in Cyprus (http://www.dataprotection.gov.cy).
In the context of the right to access information the Company shall provide you with the information within one month of your request unless there is a justified requirement to provide such information faster.
10. Security
We have security and organizational measures and procedures to secure the data collected and stored. We have security policies and data processing agreements with all our employees and contractors who are obliged to follow and maintain appropriate technical and organizational measures. We have internal Information Security Policy.
Connections to the Website are encrypted using 256-bit SSL with integrity assured by the SHA2 ECDSA algorithm.
We use servers that comply with strict international data security standards, including ISO 27001.
We use servers that are certified under PCI DSS Level 1, ISO/IEC 27001:2013, SOC 1 type II.
You acknowledge that no perfect security infrastructure exists, no data transmission is guaranteed to be 100% secure, and there may be some security risks.
You are responsible for your login information and password. You shall keep them confidential.
In case if your privacy has been breached, please contact the Company immediately on support@writingbee.com
11. Location of the processing of personal data
The personal data collected by the Company is processed at the Company’s offices in Nicosia. The Company is international and can have foreign branches and departments. The Company’s Research and Development department is based in Kyiv at secure premises. The employees and contractors of the Company’s Research and Development department are bound by the respective agreements, Company’s internal policies and Information Security Policy.
Our servers for storing the data are located in Germany.
12. Retention period
The Company will delete your personal data from the databases no later than 6 years from the last time you used the Website according to the effective legislation of the Republic of Cyprus.
13. Transfer of your personal data
The Company has departments outside the EEA, especially the Company’s Research and Development department is based in Ukraine, Kyiv, therefore, some data the Company collects from you will be processed in Ukraine. Ukraine has not sought nor received a finding of “adequacy” from the European Union under Article 45 of the GDPR.
The Company relies on derogations for specific situations as set forth in Article 49 of the GDPR. In particular, the Company collects and transfers to Ukraine personal data only: with your consent; to perform a contract with you; or to fulfill a compelling legitimate interest of the Company in a manner that does not outweigh your rights and freedoms. The Company endeavors to apply suitable safeguards to protect the privacy and security of your personal data and to use it only consistent with your relationship with the Company and the practices described in this Privacy Policy. The Company also minimizes the risk to your rights and freedoms by not collecting or storing sensitive information about you.
14. Cookies
Cookies are pieces of data that a Website transfers to a user's hard drive for record-keeping purposes.
The Company uses cookies to provide proper functionality on the Website and aggregate traffic data (e.g., what pages are popular). The Company may use evercookies with reference to Legitimate interest only.
The Company uses the following types of cookies:
The Website capture limited data (user-agent, HTTP referrer, last URL requested by the user, client-side and server-side clickstream) about visits to the Website. The Company may use this data to analyze patterns and to perform system maintenance. You have several options how to manage cookies on your device. All browsers allow you to block or delete cookies from your device. You may consult the privacy features in your browser to understand what you should do if you need to manage cookies.
15. Contact details of the Data Controller
Writeperfect Ltd.,
Registry code ΗΕ 346067,
1-3 Boumpoulinas, Bouboulina Building, Office 42, Nicosia, 1060, Cyprus
Email: dpo@writeperfect.com
A Partner is an individual who refers customers. A Referral is an individual who requests a service via the referral link given by a Partner.
With the first order, a Referral acquires a 15% discount on the order, while a Partner receives $50 to the Referral Balance if the order amount is equal to or above $50, or 50% of the order amount if the order amount is less than $50.
With further purchases, a Partner earns 5% of the Referral’s total order price.
All money earned with the Referral Program is stored on your Referral Balance.
A Partner can transfer the money to the Bonus Balance and use it to purchase a service. It is possible to transfer the sum to the Partner’s Bank account (no less than $100).
Referral`s payment method should differ from that of the Partner`s. If it`s identical, such order will be canceled.
A Partner and a Referral can not be the same person. We use several technical tools to identify such cases, and if we are certain this rule is not followed - the order will be canceled and all referral earnings will be voided.
We also reserve the right not to process your referral earnings if your Partner's activity appears to be abusive or economically unviable.